Drug Chemistry: The Effect of Ionization of Absorption and Excretion
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A 4 page overview of the relation of drug ionization, specifically of whether the drug is a weak acid or a weak base, to its absorption into the body and consequent excretion from the body. Notes a differential absorption and excretion, according to physiological pH, as to where the drug is absorbed and when it is excreted. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPdrugCh.rtf

Early Photography: The Calotype
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(7pp) The base of a calotype negative, rather than the glass or film to which we have become accustomed, was high quality writing paper. The sheet of paper was carefully selected to have a smooth and uniform texture and, wherever possible, to avoid the watermark. It was offered as the chief alternative to the Daguerreotype and was more popular with amateur photographers, artists, and scientists, who used it widely, since the negative could be corrected with pencil. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBcalotp.doc

Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on G Proteins
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This 12 page report discusses the effects of volatile (inhalation) anesthetics on G-proteins. G proteins are a key to the chemical “switches” that get take place in order to communicate messages in the body. As the receptors react, they change shape which then allows for the G protein to also change. It releases the a GDP molecule and grabs onto a related molecule called GTP. Having attached the GTP to itself, it then acts on membrane processes such as enzymes and ion channels. That process then results in a new “messenger” molecule -- cyclic AMP. An 'enzymatic cascade' then takes place because the AMP causes a protein reaction. A literature review is included that outlines a number of the projects regarding the subject that have been undertaken in the past decade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWvolane.rtf

Energy Transfer in Cells
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This 5 page paper considers energy transfer in cells. The writer looks at the process, defining what is meant by energy and how it can be seen as a two way function of energy transformation. The writer includes consideration of the Laws of Thermodynamics, the role of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic pathways. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEcellen.wps

Enzymes and the Krebs Cycle
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A 5 page paper discussing enzymes at their most basic level. Comprised of amino acids, enzymes are the catalysts of myriad biochemical reactions. In keeping with the true nature of catalysts, they accelerate and enable reactions without being materially affected themselves. The second section of the paper presents a diagram of the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Taking place in the mitochondria of the cell, the citric acid cycle is the last in a series of steps that convert 'food' into 'energy.' Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenzyme.wps