Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans
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A 14 page discussion of the physiological mechanism employed by this species of oral bacteria which allow it to exist in the rapidly fluctuating pH levels of the human mouth. The author details how the cellular membrane of the organism is critical in this process, selectively allowing protons to pass out of the cell and preventing them from passing into the cell. This ability allows S. mutans a selective advantage. Acidogenicity (the ability to generate acid) and acidurance (the ability to function in an acidic environment) are the primary physiological traits of this organism which make it such an important factor in the production of dental caries as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPstrept.rtf

Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading
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A 2 1/2 page paper which discusses various aspects of the article "Activation of the Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading" by Gemma A. Calvert, Edward T. Bullmore, Michael J. Brammer, Ruth Campbell, Steven C. R. Williams, Philip K. McGuire, Peter W. R. Woodruff, Susan D. Iverson, and Anthony S. David. The paper analyzes the argument, the evidence, and the reasoning presented in the research article. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAliprfax.wps

Adarand v. Pena
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of the Supreme Court case of Adarand v. Pena. The case of Adarand v. Pena (1995) underscores some of the central arguments both for and against affirmative action initiatives, and provides some insight into the conflicts that have arisen from seeking affirmative action initiatives in particular situations. This case also suggests the underlying reasons for changes in affirmative action policies in recent years. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHAdaran.rtf

Ageing
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An overview of the phenomenon of ageing from a biochemical perspective, looking at the programmed and random damage theories and the ways in which these might be approached in order to take into account both genetic and stochastic causes of ageing. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLageing.rtf

Aging and Cognitive Development: Maintaining Mental Agility
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A 6 page discussion of the relationship between cognitive function and age. In the past a consensus has existed in the scientific community that declines in cognitive function is an irreversible impact of age, that mental frailty is an inevitable part of late adulthood. Today, however, developmentalists seem to be altering this attitude to one which recognizes that an individual’s participation in certain activities can have a positive impact on the retention of mental agility. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPeldCog.rtf